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Within the forty royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty are interred 27 kings, queens, and those monarchs that were posthumously granted the title of king or queen. The tombs date from the time of the dynasty’s foundation in 1392 until its fall in 1910. Of all the royal tombs of Korea’s past dynasties, the tombs of the Joseon Dynasty are in the best condition. In fact, rarely have royal dynastic tombs worldwide been so well preserved in their entirety.
(*
Among the 27 kings, the tombs of two disposed kings, Yeonsangun
and Gwanghaegun are not included in the list of the Royal Tombs
of the Joseon Dynasty.) |
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| Favorable Geomantic Locations |
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The sites for the royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty were chosen based on geomantic traditions: they had to be located between 4 kilometers and 40 kilometers from the center of Hanyang, the dynastic capital. The tombs had to be facing south toward a body of water and had to be protected by a hill. They could not be located on a mountain or in a field. Each site was considered a divine space, and therefore had to be isolated from other areas that were already in use by surrounding mountains or other topographical features. As a result, the royal tombs are located in lush green spaces around the suburbs of Seoul and provide visitors with a wonderful opportunity to enjoy nature in an urban setting.
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| Composition of the Royal Tombs |
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When the royal tombs were constructed, man-made facilities were kept to a minimum in order not to damage or interfere with the natural surroundings. The design of the tombs was carefully planned, so that various ancestral ceremonies and rituals could be performed there on a regular basis. Over time, certain traditions developed for the construction of the tombs. Near to the tombs, a small building was constructed, which was used when preparing for ceremonies and rituals. When you walk past the building, a forested area and a stone bridge over a stream comes into view. In front of the tomb, a red gate with cylindrical pillars was placed, this symbolized to visitors that they were entering a tomb site. After passing through the gate, you enter the center of the tomb site. The royal tombs were built by piling earth into a huge mound and have a number of features, such as doors, and stone guardian statues standing in front of the tombs. Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal tombs maintained their basic design, but gradually adapted to the topographical conditions and circumstances of the times.
The 40 royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty were officially listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in June 2009. This was due to their unique architecture, the comprehensive preservation of all of the tombs from the 500-year dynasty, and their locations, which were decided by Confucian and geomantic traditions.
Excluded from the list were the Jereung and Hureung tombs in North Korea.
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| < List of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty> |
| Reign |
King |
Tomb |
Chinese Charac
ter |
Buried |
Location |
Notes |
|
1st |
Taejo
|
Geonwolleung (건원릉)
Jereung (제릉)
Jeongneung (정릉) |
健元陵
齊陵
貞陵
|
Taejo
Queen
Sinui
Queen Sindeok
|
Gyeonggi-do Guri
Gaeseong (North
Korea)
Seoul Seongbuk -gu |
Dong gureung (동구릉)
-
- |
|
2nd |
Jeongjong |
Hureung (후릉) |
厚陵 |
Jeongjong, Queen Jeongan |
Gaeseong (North Korea) |
- |
|
3rd |
Taejong |
Heolleung (헌릉) |
獻陵 |
Taejong, Queen Wongyeong |
Seoul Gangnam
-gu |
- |
|
4th |
Sejong |
Yeongneung (영릉) |
英陵 |
Sejong, Queen Soheon |
Gyeonggi-do Yeoju |
- |
|
5th |
Munjong |
Hyeolleung (현릉) |
顯陵 |
Munjong, Queen Hyeondeok |
Gyeonggi-do Guri |
Dong
gureung |
|
6th |
Danjong |
Jangneung (장릉)
Sareung (사릉) |
莊陵
思陵
|
Danjong
Queen Jeongsun |
Gangwon-do Yeongwol
Gyeonggi-do Namyangju |
-
- |
|
7th |
Sejo |
Gwangneung (광릉) |
光陵 |
Sejo, Queen Jeonghui |
Gyeonggi-do Namyangju |
- |
|
Post hum ous king |
Deokjong |
Gyeongneung (경릉) |
敬陵 |
Deokjong, Queen Sohye |
Gyeonggi-do Goyang |
Seoo reung (서오릉) |
|
8th |
Yejong |
Changneung (창릉)
Gongneung (공릉)
|
昌陵
恭陵
|
Yejong, Queen
Ansun
Queen Jangsun |
Gyeonggi-do Goyang
Gyeonggi-do Paju |
Seoo reung
Paju Sam neung (파주삼릉) |
|
9th |
Seongjong |
Seolleung (선릉)
Sulleung (순릉) |
宣陵
順陵
|
Seongjong, Queen Jeonghyeon
Queen Gonghye |
Seoul, Gangnam-gu
Gyeonggi-do Paju |
-
Paju Sam neung
|
|
11th |
Jungjong |
Jeongneung (정릉)
Olleung (온릉)
Huireung (희릉)
Taereung (태릉) |
靖陵
溫陵
禧陵
泰陵 |
Jungjong
Queen Dangyeong
Queen Janggyeong
Queen Munjeong |
Seoul, Gangnam-gu
Gyeonggi-do Yangju
Gyeonggi-do Goyang
Seoul, Nowon-gu |
-
-
Seosam neung (서삼릉) - |
|
12th |
Injong |
Hyoreung (효릉) |
孝陵 |
Injong, Queen Inseong |
Gyeonggi-do Goyang |
Seosam neung |
|
13th |
Myeonjong |
Gangneung (강릉) |
康陵 |
Myeongjong, Queen Insun |
Seoul, Nowon-gu |
- |
|
14th |
Seonjo |
Mongneung (목릉) |
穆陵 |
Seonjo,
Queen Uiin,
Queen
Inmok |
Gyeonggi-do Guri |
Dong
gure
ung |
|
Post
hum
ous
king |
Wonjong |
Jangneung
(장릉) |
章陵 |
Wonjong, Queen
Inheon |
Gyeonggi-do Gimpo |
- |
|
16th |
Injo |
Jangneung
(장릉)
Hwireung
(휘릉) |
長陵
徽陵 |
Injo,
Queen
Illyeol
Queen
Jangnyeol |
Gyeonggi-do Paju
Gyeonggi-do Guri |
-
Dong
gureung |
|
17th |
Hyojong |
Nyeongneung
(녕릉) |
寧陵 |
Hyojong, Queen Inseon |
Gyeonggi-do
Yeoju |
- |
|
18th |
Hyeonjong |
Sungneung (숭릉) |
崇陵 |
Hyeonjong, Queen Myeongseong |
Gyeonggi-do Guri |
Dong
gureung |
|
19th |
Sukjong |
Myeong neung (명릉) Ingneung (익릉) |
明陵
翼陵 |
Sukjong, Queen Inhyeon, Queen Inwon
Queen Ingyeong |
Gyeonggi-do Goyang |
Seoo
reung
Seoo
reung |
|
20th |
Gyeong
jong |
Uireung
(의릉)
Hyereung
(혜릉)
|
懿陵
惠陵
|
Gyeongjong,
Queen Seonui
Queen
Danui
|
Seoul, Seongbuk- gu
Gyeonggi-do Guri |
-
Dong
gureung |
|
21st |
Yeongjo |
Wolleung
(원릉)
Hongneung
(홍릉) |
元陵
弘陵 |
Yeongjo,
Queen
Jeongsun
Queen
Jeongseong |
Gyeonggi-do Guri
Gyeonggi-do Goyang |
Dong gureung
Seoo
reung |
|
Post
hum
ous
king |
Jinjong |
Yeongneung
(영릉) |
永陵 |
Jinjong,
Queen
Hyosun |
Gyeonggi
-do
Paju |
Paju Sam
neung |
|
Post
hum
ous
king |
Jangjo |
Yungneung
(융릉) |
隆陵 |
Jangjo,
Queen
Heongyeong |
Gyeonggi-do
Hwaseong |
- |
|
22nd |
Jeongjo |
Geolleung (건릉) |
健陵 |
Jeongjo,
Queen Hyoui |
Gyeonggi-do
Hwaseong |
- |
|
23rd |
Sunjo |
Illeung (인릉) |
仁陵 |
Sunjo,
Queen Sunwon |
Seoul Seocho-gu |
- |
|
Post
hum
ous
king |
Ikjong (Munjo) |
Sureung
(수릉) |
綏陵 |
Ikjong,
Queen Sinjeong |
Gyeonggi-do
Guri |
Dong
gureung |
|
24th |
Heonjong |
Gyeongneung
(경릉) |
景陵 |
Heonjong,
Queen
Hyohyeon,
Queen
Hyojeong |
Gyeonggi-do
Guri |
Dong
gureung |
|
25th |
Cheoljong |
Yereung
(예릉) |
睿陵 |
Cheoljong,
Queen
Cheorin |
Gyeonggi-do
Goyang |
Seo
sam
neung |
|
26th |
Gojong |
Hongneung
(홍릉) |
洪陵 |
Gojong,
Empress
Myeongseong |
Gyeonggi-do Namyangju |
- |
|
27th |
Sunjong |
Yureung
(유릉) |
裕陵 |
Sunjong,
Empress
Sunmyeonghyo, Empress Sunjeonghyo |
Gyeonggi-do Namyangju |
- |
|
| <Where to Find Royal Tombs of Joseon Dynasty> |
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☞ For more details, please click on the tombs on the
map above. ☞ Korea Travel Phone: +82-2-1330 ☞ Website of Royal Tombs of Joseon Dynasty: http://royaltombs.cha.go.kr (Korean, English)
☞
Read Our Column: A Trip to Royal Tombs of the Joseon
Dynasty
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